****REPLICATION FOR POPULISM FOR THE AMBIVALENT: ANTI-POLARIZATION AND SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE's SLUHA NARODU PARTY****
****By Konstantin Ash and Miroslav Shapovalov****
****FORTHCOMING IN POST-SOVIET AFFAIRS***

#delimit;
use ukraine_national_survey_psa;

***Table 1***
tab  vote_parl_choice;

***Table 2***
tab  language_family language_native,sum(ze);

***Table 3***
tab vote_parl_ eu,co;

***Table 4***
tab vote_parl_ revolution2014,co;

***Table 5***
#delimit;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance family_russian family_ukrainian native_russian native_ukrainian  eu_a minsk2 revolution2004 revolution2014  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media  southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo z1;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix  eu_a minsk2 revolution2004 revolution2014  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media  southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo z2;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast donbass monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo z3;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media  southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo z4;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo z5;
estout z1 z2 z3 z4 z5  using sluga_naroda_final.tex, replace eform cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par)) stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared)) legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons \_cons) style(tex); 



****APPENDIX*****

***Using Data from Chaisty and Whitefield (2020)***

***Recoding***
gen standard_num=.;
#delimit;
replace standard_num=1 if standard_living=="Significantly decreased";
replace standard_num=2 if standard_living=="Somewhat decreased";
replace standard_num=3 if standard_living=="Remained the same";
replace standard_num=4 if standard_living=="Somewhat increased";
replace standard_num=5 if standard_living=="Significantly increased";


#delimit;
gen religion_num=.;
replace religion_num=1 if  religiosity=="Never or almost never";
replace religion_num=2 if  religiosity=="Less often than once a year";
replace religion_num=3 if  religiosity=="Several times a year";
replace religion_num=4 if  religiosity=="Less often than once a week, but not less than once a month";
replace religion_num=5 if  religiosity=="Once a week and more often";

gen language_mix=0;
replace language_mix=1 if lang=="Both Ukrainian and Russian";

#delimit;
clear;
use cw_replication;
gen market_num=.;
replace market_num=1 if  market=="strongly disagree";
replace market_num=2 if  market=="disagree";
replace market_num=3 if  market=="neither/nor";
replace market_num=4 if  market=="agree";
replace market_num=5 if  market=="strongly agree";

#delimit;
gen democracy_num=.;
replace democracy_num=1 if  democracy=="strongly disagree";
replace democracy_num=2 if  democracy=="disagree";
replace democracy_num=3 if  democracy=="neither/nor";
replace democracy_num=4 if  democracy=="agree";
replace democracy_num=5 if  democracy=="strongly agree";

#delimit;
gen dissolution_num=.;
replace dissolution_num=1 if  dissolution=="strongly disagree";
replace dissolution_num=2 if  dissolution=="disagree";
replace dissolution_num=3 if  dissolution=="neither/nor";
replace dissolution_num=4 if  dissolution=="agree";
replace dissolution_num=5 if  dissolution=="strongly agree";


#delimit;
gen language_school_num=.;
replace language_school_num=1 if  language_school=="strongly disagree";
replace language_school_num=2 if  language_school=="disagree";
replace language_school_num=3 if  language_school=="neither/nor";
replace language_school_num=4 if  language_school=="agree";
replace language_school_num=5 if  language_school=="strongly agree";

#delimit;
gen parties_same_num=.;
replace parties_same_num=1 if  parties_same=="strongly disagree";
replace parties_same_num=2 if  parties_same=="disagree";
replace parties_same_num=3 if  parties_same=="neither/nor";
replace parties_same_num=4 if  parties_same=="agree";
replace parties_same_num=5 if  parties_same=="strongly agree";

#delimit;
gen age=0;
replace age=1 if age_gr=="18 - 29 __________";
replace age=2 if age_gr=="30 - 44 __________";
replace age=3 if age_gr=="45 - 59 __________";
replace age=3 if age_gr=="60 __________ ____ ____________";

#delimit;
gen eu_support=.;
replace eu_support=1 if eu=="definitely first";
replace eu_support=2 if eu=="first rather than second";
replace eu_support=3 if eu=="neither/nor";
replace eu_support=4 if eu=="second rather than first";
replace eu_support=5 if eu=="definitely second";

#delimit;
gen dissolution_mod=dissolution_num;
recode dissolution_mod (5=1) (4=2);
gen language_school_mod=language_school_num;
recode language_school_mod (5=1) (4=2);
gen eu_support_mod=eu_support;
recode eu_support_mod (5=1) (4=2);

***Replication***

***Tables 6-8***
tab  party eu_support, co
tab  party dissolution_num, co
tab  party language_school_num, co

***Table 9***
#delimit;
logit servant language_mix dissolution_num language_school_num eu_support market_num democracy_num parties_same_num age standard_num religion_num southeast,or ;
eststo a1;
logit servant language_mix dissolution_mod language_school_mod eu_support_mod  market_num democracy_num parties_same_num age standard_num religion_num southeast,or;
eststo a2;
estout a1 a2  using sluga_naroda_cw2020.tex, replace eform cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par)) stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared)) legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons \_cons) style(tex); 



clear;
use psa_replication;

**Tables 10-11 Factors**
#delimit;
factor   efficacy1 efficacy2 efficacy3 efficacy4, pcf;
rotate;
predict efficacy_participation efficacy_influence;

#delimit;
factor    nobetterthanotherslavs nodiffrussianukrainian culturericherthanrussia ussrourhistory nodivisionbylanguage youngpeoplemustknowculture, pcf;
rotate;
predict tolerance chauvinism;
replace chauvinism = chauvinism*-1;


****Table 12: With Language Mix across three measures****
#delimit;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix_survey effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo b3;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses    governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix_survey effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media eu_moderate minsk_moderate southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo b5;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses    governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix_survey effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo b6;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses    governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix_survey effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media  eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo b7;
estout b3 b5 b6 b7 using sluga_naroda_app.tex, replace eform  cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par)) stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared)) legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons \_cons) style(tex); 

*** Table 13: Evaluating Predictors of Turnout***
#delimit;
gen vote_alt_turnout=.;
replace vote_alt_turnout=0 if vote_parl!=.;
replace vote_alt_turnout=1 if vote_parl_choice!="";

#delimit;
logit vote_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x1;
logit vote_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x2;
logit vote_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x3;
logit vote_alt_turnout age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x4;
logit vote_alt_turnout age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x5;
logit vote_alt_turnout age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media southeast rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo x6;
estout x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 using sluga_naroda_turn.tex, replace eform  cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par)) stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared)) legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons \_cons) style(tex); 

***Table 14: Regional Fixed Effects***
#delimit;
logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media  southeast_minus_donbass donbass west rural monitored,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo y1;
xi: logit ze_parl age female education expenses   governmentperformance armyperformance language_mix eu_moderate minsk_moderate revolution2004_moderate revolution2014_moderate  effective_government effective_rich effective_army effective_pgm   efficacy_participation efficacy_influence tolerance chauvinism trust_media rural monitored i.oblast,vce(cluster cluster) or;
eststo y2;
estout y1 y2 using regional_fe.tex, replace eform  cells(b(star fmt(%9.3f)) se(par)) stats(r2_a N, fmt(%9.3f %9.0g) labels(R-squared)) legend label collabels(none) varlabels(_cons \_cons) style(tex); 

****Cross-Tab Underlying Figure 1****
tab oblast language_mix,sum( ze_parl);

***Variables Lables ****

#delimit;
label var version "Treatment Code";
label var newspaper "Trust in Newspaper";
label var newssite "Trust in News Sites";
label var radio "Trust in Radio";
label var trustedperson "Trust in Individual for News";
label var television "Trust in Television";
label var socialmedia "Trust in Social Media";
label var q9missing "No Answer for Trust in Media";
label var expenses "Costs of Living Expenses proportional to Income";
label var income "Monthly Household Income";
label var nationalguard "Served in National Guard";
label var navy "Served in Navy";
label var army "Served in Army";
label var pgm "Served in Volunteer Battalion";
label var noservice "No one I know Served";
label var v1298 "No Response about Service";
label var servedsince2010 "Served in Since 2010";
label var injuredindonbass "I know someone who was injured in Donbass";
label var governmentperformance "Assess Government Performance in Donbass";
label var armyperformance "Assess Army Performance in Donbass";
label var vote_parl "Voted in Parliamentary Elections";
label var vote_parl_choice "Vote Choice from Party List";
label var vote_pres1 "Voted in First Round of Presidential Election";
label var vote_pres1_choice "Vote Choice in First Round of Presidential Election";
label var eu_agreement "Support for 2015 EU Association Agreement";
label var minsk2 "Support for Minsk II Protocols";
label var revolution2004 "Perception of Future after 2004 Revolution";
label var revolution2014 "Perception of Future after 2014 Revolution";
label var effective_government "Is Government Effective at Advancing People's Interests";
label var effective_rich "Are Oligarchs Effective at Advancing People's Interests";
label var effective_army "Is Army Effective at Advancing People's Interests";
label var effective_pgm "Are PGMs Effective at Advancing People's Interests";
label var efficacy1 "Something to Say";
label var efficacy2 "Cannot Influence";
label var efficacy3 "State Listens to People";
label var efficacy4 "Regulation of Business is Good";
label var ruspeople_anger "Anger against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_hate "Hatred against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_contempt "Contempt against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_fear "Fear against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_disappointment "Disappointment against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_shame "Shame against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_regret "Regret against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_sadness "Sadness against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_sympathy "Sympathy against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_love "Love against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_admiration "Admiration against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_joy "Joy against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_pleasure "Pleasure against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_pride "Pride against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_amusement "Amusement against Russian People";
label var ruspeople_indifference "Indifference against Russian People";
label var rusgov_anger "Anger against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_hatred "Hatred against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_contempt "Contempt against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_fear "Fear against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_disappointment "Disappointment against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_shame "Shame against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_regret "Regret against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_sadness "Sadness against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_sympathy "Sympathy against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_love "Love against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_admiration "Admiration against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_joy "Joy against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_pleasure "Pleasure against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_pride "Pride against Russian Government";
label var rusgov_amusement "Amusement against Russian Government";
label var rus_indifference "Indifference against Russian Government";
label var monitored "RA Monitored Survey Administration";
label var ze_parl "Voted for Sluha Narodu from Party List";
label var survey_russian "Chose to take Survey in Russian";
label var family_russian "Spoke Russian with Family";
label var native_russian "Russian is native Language";
label var family_ukrainian "Spoke Ukrainian with Family";
label var native_ukrainian "Ukrainian is native Language";
label var language_mix "Mixed use of Russian and Ukrainian";
label var language_mix_survey "Mixed Use of Russian and Ukrainian II";
label var duration "Survey Duration";
label var eu_moderate "Moderate on EU Assocation";
label var minsk_moderate "Moderate on Minsk II";
label var revolution2004_moderate "Moderate on Revolution 2004";
label var revolution2014_moderate "Moderate on Revolution 2014";
label var east "East Region";
label var south "South Region";
label var center "Center Region";
label var west "West Region";
label var southeast "Southeast Region";
label var rural "Respondent from Rural Area";
label var vote_alt_turnout "Turnout in 2019 Election";
label var rusgov_positive "Positive Emotions toward Russian Government";
label var rusgov_neg_active "Active Negative Emotions toward Russian Government";
label var rusgov_neg_passive "Passive Negative Emotions toward Russian Government";
label var ruspeople_positive "Positive Emotions toward Russian People";
label var ruspeople_neg_active "Active Negative Emotions toward Russian People";
label var ruspeople_neg_passive "Passive Negative Emotions toward Russian Government";
label var donbass "Donbass Region";
label var southeast_minus_donbass "Southeast Region Except Donbass";













